The physical and chemical analysis of nanoemulsion from extract rodent tuber mutant plant (Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd.)

Abstract

Typhonium flagelliforme Lodd. is well known as rodent tuber herbal plant has been successfully irradiated by using gamma rays irradiation technique to increase the bioactive compounds. Despite the potential of rodent tuber mutant plants, the idea came up to develop functional food formulations into nanoemulsion systems. Nanoemulsion composed of extract, glycerol, DMSO, tween 80, and water in different concentrations. The rodent tuber mutant plant extract and DMSO were formulated into nanoemulsion with a fixed concentration of 0.1% of the weight of the formula, the emulsifier was used tween 80 with a concentration of 0.1% and glycerol with a concentration of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% of the weight of the formula while the solvent used is distilled water with a final volume 10 mL of the weight of the formula. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of nanoemulsion prepared at various concentrations and volume ratios of rodent tuber mutant plant extract and surfactant. The analysis of the component of the nanoemulsions was conducted using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The alkane group found in the nanoemulsion sample, such as eicosane (5.96%). It can be concluded that the best extract and surfactant concentrations are using glycerol at 0%. The droplet sizes of 0% glycerol concentration had 111.6 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.541 compared with other concentrations. Nanoemulsion at 0% of glycerol showed a low zeta potential value of -19.36 mV. The destabilization of nanoemulsion after 24 h was dominated with creaming appeared, as shown in negative zeta potential. This shows that the formulation is not stable enough for a certain period of time even though it has a nanoparticle size. The development of nanoemulsion optimalization is a prospective approach to solve the stabilization problem.