Serum reactivity in dermatitis herpetiformis: an international multicentre study

Abstract

Background: Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a rare gluten-induced skin disorder characterized predominantly by IgA autoantibodies against endomysium, tissue transglutaminase (TG2/tTG), epidermal transglutaminase (TG3/eTG) and deamidated gliadin. To date, circulating autoantibody reactivity has not been systematically described. Objectives: Characterization of serum reactivities in DH. Methods: This multicentre international study analysed sera from 242 patients with DH taken at the time of initial diagnosis. DH-specific IgA and IgG serum autoantibodies were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) on monkey oesophagus, and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant TG2/tTG, TG3/eTG and deamidated gliadin (GAF3X). Results: IgA indirect IF microscopy on monkey oesophagus revealed the highest reactivity (84.3%; specificity 100%) followed by IgA TG2/tTG ELISA (78.5%, specificity 99.0%), IgA TG3/eTG ELISA (72.7%, specificity 95.0%) and IgA GAF3X ELISA (69.0%, specificity 98.5%). Conclusions: Serum IgA and IgG autoantibodies against endomysium, TG2/tTG, TG3/eTG and deamidated gliadin are highly prevalent in DH. Indirect IF microscopy on monkey oesophagus (IgA) provides the highest diagnostic accuracy that can be further enhanced by 4.5% when combined with IgA TG2/tTG ELISA.