Drug-coated balloons in percutaneous coronary interventions: existing evidence and emerging hopes

Abstract

Drug-coated balloons (DCB) have been developed as an alternative to drug-eluting stents (DES) as a part of the “leave nothing behind” strategy following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). DCBs facilitate revascularization and delivery of an antiproliferative agent directly to a coronary artery lesion, without the need for DES implantation. Subsequently, DCBs promote positive vascular remodeling and allow for a shorter duration of dual antiplatelet therapy. Since the first reports on the successful treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) with paclitaxel-coated balloon catheters in the year 2006, the use of DCBs has been growing, driven by reports of DCB application to treat ISR, bifurcation lesions, and small vessel disease. Contemporary clinical trials evaluating DCBs in large vessel disease and chronic total occlusions might further expand the indications for this technology. Attention has also been brought to the use of DCBs in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome, especially those at high bleeding risk. This review aims to discuss the existing evidence and emerging hopes associated with DCBs, including technical aspects of DCB PCI and the use of DCBs in different clinical scenarios.