Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Abstract

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is the most common gastrointestinal disease among infants, occurring in 2-4 per 1000 live births. It occurs as an isolated condition or together with other congenital anomalies. IHPS is caused by hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle, causing narrowing and elongation of the pyloric canal, resulting in gastric outlet obstruction. These infants usually present with projectile, nonbilious vomiting. Although IHPS is a common disorder, its etiology is largely unknown. Familial aggregation has been described and boys are affected four times more than girls. Pyloromyotomy remains the standard of treatment. In recent years, more and more centers are employing laparoscopic pyloromyotomy as the surgical approach.