Maternal factors of pre-eclampsia development

Abstract

Study objective: to determine the most important maternal factors for the pre-eclampsia (PE) prediction, which are used in screening of women when registered for pregnancy. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study included 91 pregnant women in their first trimester; study period 2018-2020. The main group included 56 (61.54%) women with a number of maternal factors for PE development, and 35 (38.46%) were healthy females in the control group. Subgroups of women formed for females with and without PE - 28.57% and 71.43%, respectively. Results. Statistically significant values in the study of maternal factors were observed between subgroups of patients with and without PE for body mass index (BMI) prior to pregnancy (26.83 ± 1.29 and 26.03 ± 1.05) and height of pregnant women (163.35 ± 1.26 cm and 167.23 ± 1.02 cm), p <0.05. Among the risk factors that led to PE, statistically significant results were observed when combining the first pregnancy with a history of kidney disease (p = 0.033). Recurrent PE was observed when combined with PE history in mother (p = 0.011). Impact of chronic hypertension on the PE development was noted when the disease history was over 5 years. The combination of interval between pregnancies of 10 years and more and age >35 years was associated with PE (p = 0.008). During IVF PE developed in combination with such factors as BMI 30 kg/m2and the interval between pregnancies over 10 years, 1.1% females had no other factors. History of renal disease and the age >35 years had an impact on the PE development in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome. Analysis of the odds ratio of the isolated maternal factor showed the following indicators: PE during previous pregnancy - 6, multiple pregnancy - 2.56, anti-phospholipid syndrome - 2.56, first pregnancy - 1.83, in vitro fertilization - 1.72, obesity >30 kg/m2- 1.65, PE in the mother - 1.57, age >35 years - 1.08, history of renal disease - 1, interval between pregnancies >10 years - 0.77 and chronic hypertension - 0.18. Conclusion. Thorough monitoring of maternal risk factors for PE should focus on PE during previous pregnancy. The second position is occupied by multiple pregnancy and anti-phospholipid syndrome. PE risk is increased for a combination of factors, especially with chronic renal disease and/or elevated BMI.