Study on Identification and Projection of Food Commodity Price Cycles during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period as a Study of Supervision Aspects of Food Product Marketing in Bangka Belitung

Abstract

This study examined the projected price of food marketing in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands as a step in deepening the issue of food security due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands had a significant impact on the issue of food security. This was caused by the deficit of several strategic food commodities and caused the prices of this food to increase quite high compared to other provinces in Indonesia, such as several provinces in Sumatra and Java. Therefore, local governments as policymakers have a high enough interest in maintaining prices for strategic commodities, especially food. This study intends to compare the volatility of food prices before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The data used is time-series data on weekly food prices in a traditional Pangkalpinang City market for September 2018 to February 2021. The data analysis technique uses the Vector Autoregression (VAR) method or Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) with the help of statistical software EViews. The results of this study indicate that several important commodities that support community life are predicted to increase significantly, including rice, chicken meat, and chicken eggs. The three food commodities that experienced an increase had a fairly high fluctuation. Beef and red chilies show declining projections in the 8-week forecast period. Meanwhile, cooking oil prices, granulated sugar, shallots, and garlic are still stable.Penelitian ini mengkaji proyeksi harga pemasaran pangan di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung sebagai langkah pendalaman isu ketahanan pangan akibat pandemi COVID-19. Pandemi COVID-19 di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung berdampak signifikan terhadap masalah ketahanan pangan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh defisit beberapa komoditas pangan strategis dan menyebabkan harga pangan ini meningkat cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan provinsi lain di Indonesia, seperti beberapa provinsi di Sumatera dan Jawa. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah daerah sebagai pengambil kebijakan memiliki kepentingan yang cukup tinggi dalam menjaga harga komoditas strategis khususnya pangan. Penelitian ini bermaksud membandingkan volatilitas harga pangan sebelum dan sesudah pandemi COVID-19. Data yang digunakan adalah data time-series harga pangan mingguan di pasar tradisional Kota Pangkalpinang bulan September 2018 sampai dengan Februari 2021. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode Vector Autoregression (VAR)/Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) dengan bantuan software statistik EViews. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa komoditas penting yang menopang kehidupan masyarakat diprediksi akan meningkat secara signifikan, antara lain beras, daging ayam, dan telur ayam. Ketiga komoditas pangan yang mengalami kenaikan mengalami fluktuasi yang cukup tinggi. Daging sapi dan cabai merah menunjukkan proyeksi penurunan dalam periode prakiraan 8 minggu. Sementara itu, harga minyak goreng, gula pasir, bawang merah, dan bawang putih masih stabil.