Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Scanning and Bone Health: The Pressing Need to Raise Awareness Amongst Pakistani Women

Abstract

Introduction The use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning is instrumental in better management of osteoporosis. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge about DEXA scanning and bone health in the women of Karachi, as well as to analyze their practices concerning the scan and increase their knowledge and awareness regarding the same. Methodology  The sample size for this cross-sectional study was 384. Data were collected using a self-devised and validated questionnaire, consisting of four sections: social demographics, general knowledge about DEXA scanning, practices regarding DEXA, and knowledge about bone health. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and associations between multiple variables calculated, using independent sample t-test and Pearson's chi-squared test. Results Only one-third of our sample population had heard about DEXA scanning and amongst them, nobody had complete knowledge about it. The mean score of general knowledge of DEXA (5.3±2.0) was higher than that of knowledge about the conditions in which DEXA scanning is recommended (2.7±2.1). The knowledge score showed a significant correlation with education (p=0.007) and employment (p=0.001). Only 7.6% of the sample population had taken a DEXA scan and knowledge and employment status were found to have significant associations with practices (p value=0.000 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions The awareness levels regarding DEXA scans and bone health should be evaluated amongst similar and other groups of people and effective measures be put into application to educate the public and to guide them towards better prevention and management of osteoporosis.