Ultrasound-assisted green synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles using natural polymer supports

Abstract

The advent of click chemistry has significantly accelerated the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles, key structures found in numerous biologically active and pharmaceutical compounds. Click reactions can be notably enhanced by employing ultrasonic irradiation and supported catalysts. Herein, we present an eco-friendly catalyst composed of natural biopolymers, chitosan and shilajit, designed to facilitate a click chemistry protocol under ultrasonic conditions at room temperature. The catalyst was characterized via FTIR, XRD, TGA, EDX, and SEM analyses, confirming the successful immobilization of copper species onto the polymer supports. This method offers several advantages, including the use of water as a green solvent, elimination of reducing agents, high catalytic efficiency, short reaction times, cost-effectiveness, and excellent catalyst recyclability.