Complications Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Abstract

Postoperative complications following colorectal cancer surgery occur in approximately 50% of patients, resulting in increased healthcare expenses and a decline in quality of life. Complication classification systems are commonly used to assess and categorize these adverse events across various healthcare institutions. The widely used Clavien-Dindo system is effective in classifying complications based on their clinical severity, yet it does not provide insights into the underlying factors contributing to their occurrence. Another classification system, the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) surgical risk calculator, was developed to accurately predict complications and length of stay. Most current studies primarily focus on the prevention of complications, employing preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions. Factors such as surgical technique selection, fluid therapy, transfusion preferences, and mechanical bowel cleaning can all play a significant role in reducing the occurrence of complications. Furthermore, patient-associated factors such as age, gender, tumor location, and body mass index (BMI) also influence the likelihood of experiencing complications. Postoperative complications not only negatively impact short-term quality of life and healthcare costs but also have long-term implications on oncological outcomes. These complications can result in delays or discontinuation of chemotherapy, even in patients who have clear indications for systemic therapy.