Evaluating of cytotoxic effects of highly esthetic dental composites

Abstract

Objective: Dental composites developed by using nanotechnology in the field of dentistry are widely used in the treatment of anterior and posterior teeth. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of dental composites of different particle size on L929 mouse fibroblast cell line by extract test method in vitro. Material and Methods: Composite samples of 8 x 2 mm diameter were prepared by polymerizing with led light device by using glass mod in a sterile cabinet. Composite samples of which surface areas were calculated according to ISO standards (3 cm2/ ml), were incubated for 24 and 72 hours, at 37oC. cell viability was assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and cell death was evaluated by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay. Results: The 1:1 extracts of the composites at the end of 24 hours (except for nanoceramic composite) showed no toxic effect. When the cell viability results of the 1:1 extracts of the composite samples at the end of 72 hours were statistically analyzed, significant differences were found comparing to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was observed that the type and size of the filler were effective on the toxicity of the composites, and the composites containing Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA and Bis EMA monomers in their organic matrix showed acceptable cell viability (70%) as specified by ISO. However, the composites with PEGDMA and BPA monomers in their organic matrix showed poor cell viability, which is below the acceptable level of 70%, and were found to have a toxic effect.