Uji Konsentrasi Metabolit Cendawan Endofit asal Tanaman Kacang Tanah sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus

Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the important crops in Indonesia due to its nutritional content richness. Consumption of peanuts will continue to increase along with the population growth in Indonesia. However, production of peanut did not meet the national consumption needed. The low productivity was caused by several number of technical factors such as tillage, fertilization, harvesting, pest and disease control, and the use of low-quality seeds. The low quality of peanut seeds may be caused by seed-borne fungi such as Aspergillus flavus which lead to seed abortion and the change of nutritional content. The use of fungi metabolites can be used as an effective and efficient alternative control. This study was aimed to obtain endophytic fungi that have the potential as biological control agents for A. flavus. In this research, we evaluate this purpose by A. flavus and endophytic fungi isolation from peanut tissue, pathogenicity test, inhibition test against A. flavus, extraction and metabolite testing of endophytic fungi. Based on the results of the pathogenicity test, there are 33 endophytic fungi which are non-pathogenic. We select the best three isolates based on its mechanisms in inhibiting A. flavus’ growth, namely CED-5, CEA-11, and CEB-2 with inhibiting rate at 51.47%, 51.32%, and 50.73%, respectively. Based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization, it has shown that CED-5, CEA-11, and CEB-2 are sterile hyphae, Penicillium sp., Monascus, respectively. Evaluation of the ability of metabolites against A. flavus reveal that CEA-11, CED- 5, and CEB-2 inhibit the pathogen’s growth up to 40.44%, 39.88%, and 24.71%, respectively. The results showed that metabolites of endophytic fungi could be recommended in A. flavus controlling strategy.