Signatures of the Milky Way's dark disk in current and future experiments

Abstract

In hierarchical structure formation models of disk galaxies, a dark matter disk forms as massive satellites are preferentially dragged into the disk-plane where they dissolve. Here, we quantify the importance of this dark disk for direct and indirect dark matter detection. The low velocity of the dark disk with respect to the Earth enhances detection rates in direct detection experiments at low recoil energy. For WIMP masses MWIMP ∼ 50 GeV/c2, the detection rate increases by up to a factor of 3 in the 5 - 20keV recoil energy range. Comparing this with rates at higher energy is sensitive to MWIMP, providing stronger mass constraints particularly for MWIMP ∼ 100 GeV/c2. The annual modulation signal is significantly boosted by the dark disk and the modulation phase is shifted by ∼ 3 weeks relative to the dark halo. The variation of the observed phase with recoil energy determines MWIMP, once the dark disk properties are fixed by future astronomical surveys. The low velocity of the particles in the dark disk with respect to the solar system significantly enhances the capture rate of WIMPs in the Sun, leading to an increased flux of neutrinos from the Sun which could be detected in current and future neutrino telescopes. The dark disk contribution to the muon flux from neutrino back conversion at the Earth is increased by a factor of ∼ 5 compared to the SHM, for pd/ph = 0.5.