Can affirmative action overcome STEM gender inequality in Japan? Expectations and concerns

Abstract

Compounding skill shortages from Japan’s shrinking and ageing workforce is low female participation in research and science-related areas. Why do so few women choose to work in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)? Previous research suggests the influence of gendered images of STEM fields, but do these apply to Japan, and if so, how? We introduce multiple studies that shed light on gendered images and elucidate the roles of those who affect women’s choices and women’s own attitudes. Our findings further suggest that a social climate of inequality affects the gendered images of STEM fields. Finally, we offer a critique of recent quota-based systems for increasing women’s STEM participation in Japan.