Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of agrochemical use among farmers in the United Arab Emirates: a pre-and post-intervention assessment

Abstract

Introduction: The widespread use of agrochemicals enhances agricultural productivity but poses significant health and environmental risks, particularly in arid regions such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This study assessed farmers' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding agrochemical use through a structured questionnaire administered to 124 purposively sampled participants before and after a 2-week educational intervention. The questionnaire employed a 5-point Likert scale to measure changes in KAP scores. The intervention consisted of daily digital training delivered via WhatsApp, supported by four 30-min Zoom sessions, practical demonstrations (via video) and discussion-based learning focused on safe handling, storage, application and disposal of agrochemicals, as well as the introduction of sustainable and organic farming principles. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Friedman tests and correlation analysis. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant improvements in knowledge (3.4–4.1), attitudes (3.8–4.0), and practices (3.2–3.4) post-intervention. Training emerged as a strong predictor of improved KAP outcomes. Discussion: The findings of the study demonstrate the importance of participatory, context-specific educational approaches in promoting safer agrochemical behaviors and provide actionable insights for policymakers and extension services seeking to reduce agrochemical-related risks and support broader sustainability objectives within the UAE's agricultural sector.