Optimization of the performance of patch antennas using genetic algorithms

Abstract

Patch antenna is a widely used antenna type in many applications. These antennas are low-profile, cheap, conformable to planar and non planar surfaces, simple to fabricate using printed circuit technology and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) designs. However, their narrow bandwidth and low efficiency are the major drawbacks. In this study, genetic algorithm optimization (GAO) method was used to design the shape of the patch, feed position, thickness of the dielectric substrate and the substrate material simultaneously in order to optimize both bandwidth and gain. It was found that thin broadband fragmented single probe feed patch antennas with -10 dB impedance bandwidths up to almost 2:1 can be easily designed using GAO. The antennas were simulated using high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and the results were validated using measurements.