There is a party in my head and no one is invited: Resting-state electrocortical activity and solitude

Abstract

Objective: What are the motivational underpinnings of solitude? We know from self-report studies that increases in solitude are associated with drops in approach motivation and rises in avoidance motivation, but only when solitude is experienced as non-self-determined (i.e., non-autonomous). However, the extent to which individual differences in solitude relate to neurophysiological markers of approach–avoidance motivation derived from resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) is unknown. These markers are Frontal Alpha Asymmetry, beta suppression, and midline Posterior versus Frontal EEG Theta Activity. Method: We assessed the relation among individual differences in the reasons for solitude (i.e., preference for solitude, motivation for solitude), approach–avoidance motivation, and resting-state EEG markers of approach–avoidance motivation (N = 115). Results: General preference for solitude was negatively related to approach motivation, observed in both self-reported measures and EEG markers of approach motivation. Self-determined solitude was positively related to both self-reported approach motivation and avoidance motivation in the social domain (i.e., friendship). Non-self-determined solitude was positively associated with self-reported avoidance motivation. Conclusion: This research was a preliminary attempt to address the neurophysiological underpinnings of solitude in the context of motivation.