Review of Impact of Climate Change on Ecosystem Services—A Review

Abstract

Ecosystem services (ES) are the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human wellbeing, supporting survival and quality of life. Ecosystem services are benefits of natural ecosystems for human wellbeing. They can be classified into provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services that are interacting in a complex dynamic. In the Arctic region, global change is affecting ecosystems' capacity to provide services in many ways: climatic warming is leading to alteration in ecosystems, natural resource exploitation is on the increase, and invasive alien species pose a threat to native biodiversity. The objective of this activity is to review impact of climate change on ecosystem services. Accordingly, different scholars' paper used to review the impact of climate change on ecosystem services. Ecosystem services can be affected by gradual changes in temperature or precipitation and climate-related disturbances like flooding, drought and wildfire, in association with other threats like land use change, pollution, overexploitation of resources. Majority of the projected impacts of climate change on ecosystem services are negative, so that to minimize impact of climate change on ecosystem services it is mandatory to practice climate smart agriculture by using technologies that support to mitigate and adapt climate change. In addition, it is also needed to use indigenous knowledge of land use managements like soil conservation, terracing and water shed managements; and also impact of climate change can be minimized with avoidance of deforestation, through schemes such as Reduced Emissions from Degradation and Deforestation which has co-benefits for the maintenance of forests dependent ecosystem services.