Gut Microbiota Alteration with Moderate-to-Vigorous-Intensity Exercise in Middle School Female Football Athletes

Abstract

Background: The gut microbiota significantly influences health and metabolic processes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of exercise intensity on the gut microbiota of middle school female football athletes. Methods: In this four-week controlled comparative study, twenty-nine participants were divided into three groups: non-exercise group (NEG), moderate-intensity exercise group (MIEG), and vigorous-intensity exercise group (VIEG). They followed their respective exercise regimens for four weeks. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate microbiota composition. Results: The MIEG exhibited significantly greater microbial diversity compared to the NEG, while the VIEG showed lower diversity than the MIEG. Various microbiota profiles were identified, with the MIEG having higher levels of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity exercise promotes a healthier gut microbiota compared to vigorous exercise in young female athletes. These findings underscore the potential of moderate exercise to enhance gut health and may inform training strategies for adolescent athletes.