Double-litters in Coywolf, Canis latrans × lycaon, packs following the death or disappearance of a resident territorial male

Abstract

Previous research on my Cape Cod, Massachusetts study site documented the killing of a breeding male Coywolf (Canis latrans × lycaon; also called Eastern Coyote) and a subsequent increase in local pack density one year later. This study documents double-litters produced in two packs following the death or disappearance of the original breeding male.