Low Frequency Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Accelerates Sleep Onset Process

Abstract

Goal: The aim of this study is to find a kind of low frequency oscillation transcranial alternating current stimulation, which is directly applied to the scalp epidermal, to stimulate the cerebral cortex with a large spatial range of electric field oscillation across the brain hemisphere, and then trigger the start of the Top-Down processing of sleep homeostasis, in the daytime nap. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects, to take naps, underwent an intervention of electrical stimulation at 5 Hz, applied to the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. The subjects in the experiments were strictly controlled, and opened their eyes when stimulation was transmitted. Subsequently, after 15 min transcranial alternating current stimulation, subjects entered the experimental procedure of sleep. Electroencephalograph was taken at baseline and during sleep. Behavioral indicators were also added to the experiment. Results: We found that the total power of Electroencephalograph activity in the theta band, as well as low-frequency power at 1-7 Hz, was significantly entrained and increased, and that alpha activity was attenuated faster and spindle activity active earlier. Even more, the transition from awake to Non-rapid eye movement stages occurs earlier. Alertness also decreased when the subjects woke up after brief sleep. Conclusion: The intervention of low frequency brain rhythmic transcranial alternating current stimulation may induce accelerated effect on sleep onset process, thereby possibly alleviating the problems related to sleep disorders such as difficulty to reach the real sleep state quickly after lying down.