Insulin degludec results in lower rates of nocturnal hypoglycaemia and fasting plasma glucose vs. insulin glargine: A meta-analysis of seven clinical trials

Abstract

Background and aims: Basal insulin analogues have a reduced risk of hypoglycaemia compared with NPH insulin, but hypoglycaemia still remains a major impediment to achieving recommended fasting plasma glucose (FPG) targets in patients with diabetes. Insulin degludec (IDeg) is a new basal insulin that forms soluble multihexamers after subcutaneous injection resulting in an ultra-long duration of action and stable glucose-lowering effect. The aim of this analysis was to compare the effect of IDeg on FPG and nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia as compared to insulin glargine (IGlar). Methods and results: Data were included from seven phase 3a, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target clinical trials in which once-daily IDeg was compared with once-daily IGlar. Two trials included a total of 957 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and five trials included a total of 3360 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D); all trials were 26 or 52 weeks in duration. Confirmed hypoglycaemia was defined as plasma glucose <3.1 mmol/L or severe episodes requiring assistance, and nocturnal hypoglycaemia occurred between 00:01 and 05:59. In all trials, the mean end-of-trial FPG was lower for IDeg than IGlar, reaching statistical significance in three trials. Similarly, IDeg was associated with a lower rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia vs. IGlar, which was statistically significant in three trials, regardless of type of diabetes or background therapy. Conclusion: This analysis shows that the lower rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia seen with IDeg relative to IGlar is accompanied by a reduced mean FPG, in particular in patients with T2D.