Blood Group Measurement using Light Emitting Diode

Abstract

Blood grouping is basically the categorization of blood based on the presence or absence of antigens and antibodies present on the surface of the Red Blood Cells (RBC’s).The most common and most important type of blood type classification system is ABO system and the Rh system. The ABO system includes blood types like A, B, AB, and O group. This identification system plays a major role during transmission and transfusion of blood. The major risk involved in blood transfusion is getting the wrong blood type by accident. A recent survey shows that for every 1 million units of blood transfused, getting the wrong blood type happens, at the most, 4 times. Transfusion with the wrong blood type can lead to a severe reaction that may be life-threatening. The existing method involves a standard procedure in which blood is drawn from the patient’s body by pricking the finger with a needle or by using a syringe. The shortcomings of this method are addition of chemical reagents, hassle for patients and time of operation is more. The present proposal involves a prickless technique for blood group detection. This proposal presents a novel method for non invasive and instantaneous blood group measurement using the transmittance and reflectance property of light emitting diode. The proposed method aims to design a small and compact prototype which would be efficient and effective than the existing methods. Moreover it would be designed at a very low cost and provide comfort to the patients as well.