Conceptualization of the Life-Span Development Theory: Relevance for Sexual and Reproductive Health in Ghana

Abstract

Sexual and reproductive health issues continue to generate concerns in contemporary society because it is essential to individuals, couples and families, as well as the social and economic development of communities and nations. The concept of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) provides a comprehensive and integrated approach to health needs related to sexuality and reproduction when viewed from the lens of lifespan development theory. It is a public health concern, human rights issue and is indispensable to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals because three out of the eight goals are directly related to SRH, while the others have a close relationship with health. The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo provided an impetus for program planners, family planning researchers, service providers, policy makers and other stakeholders to recognize the importance of SRH internationally. Nonetheless, the global situation depicts clear inequities between developed and developing regions. Also, women bear the major share of the burden of sexual and reproductive ill health compared to men. It is essential to close these regional and gender gaps since SRH is vital to our quality of life, as other major aspects of health. This paper, which is an exploration of the literature, highlights the (a) importance of SRH across the human lifespan, (b) determinants of SRH in Ghana, and (c) challenges associated with SRH issues in Ghana. Also, implications of SRH for public health education, policy, practice and research are discussed.