Solid-state highly fluorescent diphenylaminospirobifluorenylfumaronitrile red emitters for non-doped organic light-emitting diodes

Abstract

Bright (maximum 11 000 cd m-2 and 500 cd m-2 at 20 mA cm-2) and efficient (maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.1% at 1 mA cm-2) red (CIE, x = 0.66, y = 0.34) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) employ arylaminospirobifluorene-substituted fumaronitriles as the novel non-dopant red emitter. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.