Dissection and Vivisection in the European Renaissance Roger French

Abstract

The book offers a series of answers based on the religious, intellectual and social circumstances that were particularly European. Beliefs about the body and soul, the compartmentalised nature of late medieval academic and intellectual life, the economic pressures and market forces that governed the trade of medicine and the specialty of anatomy are all examined. The illustrations generated by these circumstances and by the arts of the woodcut and of printing are given special attention. Why did medical men of the European Middle Ages and Renaissance make it a central point of medical education to cut the bodies of condemned criminals into their smallest parts, and perform experiments on vivisected animals? Neither had any direct medical relevance, and the aim of this book is to discover what lay at the basis of these practices, what purpose they served and what cultural circumstances made them possible and desirable. 1. The European body -- 2. The uses of anatomical knowledge -- 3. Bologna and Padua: anatomical rationalities -- 4. Animals, Christian man and nature: emulating the ancients -- 5. Denying the ancients -- 6. Vivisection -- 7. The Image of God -- 8. Dissection and Discovery: the newest Aristotle -- 9. Epilogue: experimental philosophy.