La Construcción Teórica Y Práctica De Un Nuevo Hábitat Moderno: Unos Patios Y Una Calle (1946-1954)

Abstract

Since the creation of the CIAM, modern architecture has been developed based on firmly defined theoretical and practical guidelines. The initial definition of a functional city where the house was considered a "machine for living" was modified as of 1933 with the Athens Charter. They began to have questions linked with the place, which until then had not been considered. World War II led to a strong interruption in the critical activity and debate about the new proposals. The activity of many European architects in exile, with the figure of the Spanish architect Sert as an outstanding example in the United States, favoured new lines of work. His 1946 proposals in the Peruvian city of Chimbote showed "a more human" concern than the previous examples. The great leap in these approaches took place in the early 50s when the young collaborators of Le Corbusier were entrusted with the construction of the Unité d'Habitation at Marseilles, and through the well-known ATBAT-Afrique group, in the construction of new suburbs in Casablanca. The proposals of patio houses developed there by Ecochard and Candilis, along with the urban proposals of the Smithsons in London, came together in the CIAM IX that brought about the creation of TEAM 10. This was the turning point and the start towards a new concept of the contemporary habitat.