LIBAC: An Annotated Corpus for Automated “Reading” of the Lithium-Ion Battery Research Literature

Abstract

The lithium-ion battery (LIB) research literature has increased very rapidly of late. While this is an immense source of valuable knowledge and facts for the community, these are also partly “buried” in the literature. To truly make the most possible use of the information available and automate “reading”, special tools are required. Named entity recognition (NER) is one such tool, which uses supervised machine learning for information extraction. To enable efficient NER, however, a large and high-quality annotated corpus is crucial. Here, we report on our generated, semi-automatically annotated lithium-ion battery annotated corpus, “LIBAC”, for 28 different entities of LIBs, which was used for training and evaluating Tok2vec and Transformer-based models, resulting in high general accuracies for these with F1-scores of 81 and 83%, respectively. LIBAC itself was created from 6985 paragraphs randomly chosen from ca. 11,000 LIB research papers and contains 73,300 annotated spans (627,428 tokens). This is the prime stepping-stone needed to develop a large-scale information extraction system designed for the LIB research literature.