Removal of nickel through sulfide precipitation and characterization of electroplating wastewater sludge

Abstract

This work consists of the removal of nickel by sulfide precipitation from industrial electroplating wastewater and characterization of the produced sludge. Tests are carried out in a perfectly stirred batch reactor on electroplating industrial solution and synthetic solution prepared in the laboratory. The aim is to evaluate the impact of complexing agents formed during precipitation of metal ions in the industrial effluent. The concentration of nickel in both solutions is 100 mg/L. The operating conditions for the sulfide precipitation process are optimized: pH, molar ratio [S=]/[Ni2þ] and dosage of S= ions. For an initial pH of 5 and an equimolar ratio of [S=]/[Ni2þ]:1/1, the results show that the removal efficiency of Ni2þ ions is approaching 91 and 94% for industrial and synthetic solutions, respectively. Otherwise, for the same pH value in supersaturation conditions ([S=]/[Ni2þ]:1.5/1), the removal efficiency is approaching 62 and 92% for industrial and synthetic solutions, respectively. For an effective metal removal, the optimal dosage of sulfide ions was evaluated. For 33 mg/L of S=, the removal efficiency of Ni2þ is approximately 90%. The resulting sludge has been characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. It consists essentially of millerite and nickel oxide.