Factors Influencing Academic Staff Satisfaction and Retention in Higher Education: A Literature Review

Abstract

This review of the literature aims to synthesise and analyse previous studies to provide important information on factors that affect academic staff retention and staff satisfaction in higher education institutions (HEI). The review included 21 studies published between 2014 and 2024, conducted in 13 different countries. Thematic analysis of the 21 included papers revealed four major themes, each with three sub-themes. These themes highlight the relevance of development programmes within HEIs to meet individual needs, stimulate professional progress, and improve overall academic performance. Furthermore, the review emphasises the importance of creating a supportive work environment, encouraging work-life balance, and providing equitable salary and recognition to academic personnel. Addressing these characteristics can help HEIs increase staff satisfaction, lower turnover rates, and ultimately contribute to the institution's performance and reputation.