Neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 vaccine

Abstract

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly, giving rise to a pandemic, causing significant morbidity and mortality. In this context, many vaccines have emerged to try to deal with this disease. Objective: To review the reported cases of neurological manifestations after the application of COVID-19 vaccines, describing clinical, analytical and neuroimaging findings and health outcomes. Methods: We carried out a review through bibliographic searches in PubMed. Results: We found 86 articles, including 13,809 patients with a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations temporally associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Most occurred in women (63.89%), with a median age of 50 years. The most frequently reported adverse events were Bell's palsy 4936/13809 (35.7%), headache (4067/13809), cerebrovascular events 2412/13809 (17.47%), Guillain-Barré syndrome 868/13809 (6.28%), central nervous system demyelination 258/13809 (1.86%) and functional neurological disorder 398/13809 (2.88%). Most of the published cases occurred in temporal association with the Pfizer vaccine (BNT162b2), followed by the AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOX1 nCoV-19). Conclusions: It is not possible to establish a causal relationship between these adverse events and COVID-19 vaccines with the currently existing data, nor to calculate the frequency of appearance of these disorders. However, it is necessary for health professionals to be familiar with these events, facilitating their early diagnosis and treatment. Large controlled epidemiological studies are necessary to establish a possible causal relationship between vaccination against COVID-19 and neurological adverse events.