Self-care into the risk factors in diabetic foot ulceration: Crosssectional study

Abstract

Aim: To analyze the implications of self-care on the risk factors of ulceration in the feet of patients with diabetes mellitus, related to dermatology, orthopedic, neurological and vascular alterations. Method: Cross-sectional study, involving 1,515 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, older than 40 years, enrolled in basic health units. Results: The prevalence of feet at risk of ulceration was 12.3%. Changes in tibial and dorsalis pedis pulses, the altered capillary filling, the presence of bony prominences, hallux valgus, claw and hammer toes and the loss of protective sensation in the feet were associated with the risk of ulceration. Discussion: The prevalence of feet at risk of ulceration was considered high and is related to different dermatological, vascular and neuropathic factors permeated by the self-care factor. Conclusions: The prevention of alterations in the diabetic foot involves maintenance of glycemic control and specific foot care.