A Green Switchable Hydrophilic Solvent Liquid-Liquid Micro-extraction Coupled with Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction for Preconcentration and Spectrophotometric Determination of Sunset Yellow Dye

Abstract

A capable, fast, and simple switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction (SHS-LLME) followed by magnetic-solid phase extraction (MSPE) on highly hydrophobic linoleic acid (LA) modified Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been developed as a new approach for the extraction and preconcentration of sunset yellow dye before its spectrophotometric determination. The main parameters affecting the efficiency of extraction procedures and signal improvement were examined and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method was linear in the range of 10 to 100 mg L−¹ for the analyte, with a correlation coefficient R² of 0.9923 and a detection limit of 5.20 mg L−¹.