Using critics to empower users

Abstract

We describe the critiquing approach to building knowledge-based interactive systems. Critiquing supports computer users in their problem solving and learning activities. The challenges for the next generation of knowledge-based systems provide a context for the development of this paradigm. We discuss critics from the perspective of overcoming the problems of highfunctionality computer systems, of providing a new class of systems to support learning, of extending applicationsoriented construction kits to design environments, and of providing an alternative to traditional autonomous expert systems. One of the critiquing systems we have built - Janus, a critic for architectural design - is used as an example of the key aspects of the critiquing process. We also survey additional critiquing systems developed in our and other research groups.