Potential application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a novel therapeutic drug

Abstract

Secreted membrane vesicles called exosomes play important roles in intercellular communications. Exosomes contain various molecules such as proteins, microRNAs and mRNAs, and mimic, at least in part, the roles that are played by their originating cells. Thus, it is expected that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) can serve as drugs for various types of diseases, because MSCs have attracted much attention as a novel therapeutic source for a wide range of diseases. In this article, we will summarize the latest reports on the therapeutic potential of MSC-exosomes for several types of diseases. We also discuss possible therapeutic strategies using MSC-exosomes, and hurdles to be overcome for realization of MSC-exosome based therapy.