Health consciousness and health literacy among people with disabilities: First results of a questionnaire in easy language in facilities for people with disabilities

Abstract

Background: People with disabilities are a vulnerable group and are underrepresented in research on health consciousness and health literacy. The aim of the study is to record the health consciousness and health literacy of respondents in the setting of integration and disability assistance in Germany for the first time by self-assessment using a questionnaire in easy language. Materials and methods: The data material was collected in 19 institutions of integration and disability assistance for people with learning difficulties, mental, chronic and physical disabilities in Germany (N = 351). Health consciousness and health literacy were recorded using a questionnaire in easy language. Uni- and bivariate analyses were used for data analyses. Results: 38.9% of the respondents indicate a low level of health consciousness, especially in the dimension of self-responsibility and mindfulness. Almost 64,0% report limited health literacy, especially in the dimension of prevention and disease management. There is a difference between respondents with low and high health consciousness in terms of health literacy. Conclusion: The results of the study highlight the need to promote health consciousness and health literacy in the setting of integration and disability assistance. Interventions should be target group-specific, including the participatory development of information materials on health-related topics.