Transformation of the pharmacy profession in Pakistan: A mixed-method study based on FIP development goals

Abstract

Background: The pharmacy profession is underdeveloped and unrecognised in low and middle-income countries. Recognising this, the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) has published 21 development goals to develop the pharmacy profession. This mixed-method study was conducted to determine a priority-based hierarchy of the FIP development goals and identify the barriers to achieving these goals in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 400 and 15 pharmacists participated in the quantitative and qualitative parts of the study, respectively. Results: Overall, the pharmacy profession in Pakistan was not progressing at the pace required. The participants advocated prioritisation of the ‘Practice’ element to bridge the gap between the current situation and required progress. The main barriers to transformation were a lack of implementation of theoretical knowledge, training and internship programmes, and regulatory deficits in policy development and implementation. Conclusion: Mandatory government leadership and backing will be required to advance practice-related aspects and address intertwined barriers to professional development in the country.