CD49f can act as a biomarker for local or distant recurrence in breast cancer

Abstract

Purpose: Metastasis and local recurrence are the primary causes of treatment failure and patient death in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to validate a metastasis- and local recurrence-associated biomarker for prognostic evaluation and planning treatment strategies. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embed-ded tissues from a cohort of 312 patients (all stage II and III) were used. The prevalence of CD49f+ cells in the patients’ tumors was analyzed and correlated with clinical characteristics to determine its prognostic and clinical implications. Results: CD49f+ tumor cells were found in a minority of tumors, with 62.8% of the samples showing not a single cell of this subtype. In the clinical characteristics analysis, which were performed with t-tests, CD49f+ tumors were not associated with age, tumor size, World Health Organization grade, nodal status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, progesterone receptor status, or estrogen receptor status, although they were significantly asso- ciated with disease recurrence (distant metastasis or/and local recurrence). Univariate survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method showed that CD49f+ tumors were associated with markedly decreased disease-free survival (DFS); the same result was found using multivariate Cox analysis, even when only chemo-therapy-treated patients were analyzed. Conclusion: Our results indicated that breast tumors with CD49f+ cancer cells are associated with an increased risk for disease recurrence after initial surgery with poor clinical outcomes (decreased DFS). Therefore, as it requires testing for only one additional protein, adding CD49f testing to conventional surgical pathology is a strategy that has great potential for prognostic and treatment-guidance purposes.