From natural marine bacteria and fungi to culturable ones: What affects their bioactivity?

Abstract

Marine bacteria and fungi have been known as sources of drug candidates. Novel natural products discovery derived from marine bacteria and fungi has been boosted in the last decades. This review discusses the challenges of culturing marine bacteria and fungi taken from their natural habitat into laboratory-scale culturable ones. Since, not all bacteria and fungi, when they are taken from their natural habitat and grown in a laboratory setting, are culturable. This review will also discuss possible solutions to overcome those challenges. Targeted bioactivity relies on the marine bacterial and fungal growth, especially due to the capability on producing the intended natural products. From this review, some important factors that must be taken into consideration to have optimal bacterial and fungal growth are genes and their variation in a species, media composition, and growth condition.