Monocyte/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Predicts Vitamin D Deficiency in Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, and the clinical value of MHR as a predictor of vitamin D deficiency in this population. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 260 patients with T2DM from May 2021 to October 2021. Based on internationally used criteria for defining vitamin D levels, the patients were divided according to sex and levels of vitamin D into the following four groups: Group A1 (male patients with vitamin D levels <20 ng/mL), group A2 (male patients with vitamin D levels ≥20 ng/mL), group B1 (female patients with vitamin D levels <20 ng/mL), and group B2 (female patients with vitamin D levels≥20 ng/ mL). The MHR was calculated as a monocyte/high-density cholesterol lipoprotein ratio. Results: The vitamin D level was independently and negatively correlated with the MHR in male patients with T2DM, but not in female patients. The MHR was an independent risk factor and predictor for the development of vitamin D deficiency in male patients, but not in female patients, with T2DM. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was an independent protective factor for vitamin D deficiency in female patients with T2DM. Conclusion: This study suggested that the MHR was a new marker for predicting vitamin D deficiency in male patients with T2DM. Alleviating inflammation, improving lipid metabolism, and increasing HDL levels in patients with T2DM might help improve vitamin D levels, which might be important for preventing and managing T2DM. The MHR might help as a new marker to predict vitamin D deficiency in China, where primary hospitals lack the capacity for vitamin D testing on a large scale.