MUHAMMAD IBN ‘ABD AL-WAHHÂB DAN GERAKAN WAHABI

Abstract

In the Islamic world, in the middle age, the ideas on reformation and the efforts of purification of akîdah had emerged. This was a reaction against the extant political condition and tauhid comprehension of Muslims. In Arab, a chief figure, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhâb who possessed a great concern towards the matter of akîdah purification of Muslims and Islamic reformation, emerged. The efforts of al-Wahhâb finally developed into a movement called the Wahabiyyah Movement. The main target of this movement was to purify Muslims' akîdah that had been mixed with heretics. ‫ﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدرة‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﺼﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷوﺿﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺮد‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫اﻟﻘﺮون‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ظﮭﺮت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺣﯿﻨﺌﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮاﻓﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪع‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﯿﻞ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫آﻧﺬاك‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫وھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫رﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮوز‬ ‫اھ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺬى‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻮھﺎب‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺨﻠﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﻓﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬. ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬ ‫أوإﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺻﻼح‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ " ‫وھﺎﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬. " ‫اﻟﻌﻘﯿﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﺺ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬ .