Keep It Abstract, Keep It Equal: Reconsidering Contextual Demands in Global Sociology

Abstract

This paper examines the unequal expectations placed on sociological studies conducted in peripheral versus core contexts, particularly in relation to abstraction, contextual justification, and claims of transportability/generalizability. Drawing on a content analysis of articles published in American Sociological Review and American Journal of Sociology (2021–2025), I show that peripheral studies are disproportionately required to provide detailed contextual descriptions, justify case selection, and acknowledge limitations in transportability—expectations rarely imposed on U.S.- or Western European-based research. I argue that such asymmetries constrain theory building from the periphery and perpetuate epistemic hierarchies in global sociology. While thick description may be warranted for deviant or crucial cases, typical cases—regardless of geographic location—should not face additional scrutiny. To promote equitable theory development, I call for consistent standards of abstraction and contextual treatment across all regions.