Pregnancy related complications and its association with socio-demographic factors in Central India: A logistic regression hypothesis

Abstract

Maternal health research is vitally important required to find out the obstetric complications for effective treatment and strategy in support to enhanced women & child health. It is much essential in vulnerable tribal population which have less opportunity to avail health care facility due to illiteracy and poor socioeconomic condition. The complications during pregnancy and childbirth cause had more deaths and disability than any other reproductive health problems. A cross sectional study was carried out among the Baiga women in Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh during 2013 to 2016. A sample of 367 currently married who had experienced maternity during last three years were identified for pregnancy related complications. The information was collected by interview method after obtaining informed written consent. Out of 367 women, the multiple complications were found anemia (35.7%), night blindness (28.6%), blurred vision (10.9%), convulsion (21.3%), swelling (26.7%), excessive fatigue (4.6%) and vaginal bleeding (4.9%). The logistic regression analysis were done to estimate the level of correlation between socio-demographic factors and obstetric complications. The findings revealed that the night blindness, anemia and blurred vision complications were found significantly (p<0.05) associated with younger (20-29 years) and elderly (30 years and above) women while vaginal bleeding strongly associated (p<0.01) with elderly women only. The high birth order, lower age at marriage, illiteracy were found more likely to arise the complications. The socio-demographic factors influenced to the risk of complications. The IEC education can empower and force to women for the effective treatment during pregnancy. Introduction A pregnant women needs adequate rest for growth of the baby and regular ANCs during pregnancy are essential for a healthy baby and healthy mother. Since the growth of baby starts from pregnancy itself and care during pregnancy, delivery controls the better outcome. Generally, most of the pregnancies are smooth and uneventful but some pregnant women may have problems/complications which indicate risk of the mother and the baby. Thus the incidents of complications during pregnancy and delivery is obvious and leads as major cause of death of mothers. Globally, the maternal mortality is the most important cause of death in reproductive age (15-49 years). The proper pregnancy care with quality in timely as per standard norms can influences the healthy outcome. The traditional practices in rural area having the most common reason for conducting child birth at home 1. Scenario of globally, 2.7 million babies die during neonatal period (the first month of life-newborn) and 2.6 million babies are stillborn. 2 The grounds and cause behind that the effect of pregnancy, childbirth or the effect of utilization of maternal health care services. Although the use of maternal health care services is a proximate determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality. 3,4 In this regards, the concerned studied reported that approximately 80% of maternal deaths and 98% stillbirth have been caused by direct obstetric complications; primarily hemorrhage, sepsis, complications, abortion, preeclampsia, eclampsia & prolonged/obstructed labour. 5-7,10 For the maternal deaths and other pregnancy outcomes, obstetric complications defined as a predictor. A threatened miscarriage defined as vaginal bleeding before 24 week of gestation, is a