Benign pituitary adenoma with multiple intracranial metastases-a case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Metastatic benign pituitary adenomas (PAs), also known as pituitary carcinomas (PCs), represent 0.1-0.2% of all intracranial lesions. They are rare and challenging pathologies. We present the case of a 34-year-old female, who presented to the clinic with headache and visual loss. She was diagnosed with PA with multiple extra-axial metastases. Debulking and biopsy of the lesions was done. Postoperatively, there was gross residual disease, and the patient's visual disturbances did not improve. Only 165 cases of PCs have been reported in the current literature. Existing consensus on management of these uncommon lesions is based on trial and previously published case reports and surgery appears to be the only definitive treatment. Further research regarding any non-surgical expectant management is warranted.