Impact of Toll Road on Performance of Road Network and Emissions: Case Study of Sragen Regency

Abstract

High car ownership growth that is not accompanied by transportation management and infrastructure development will encourage transportation problems, especially congestion. Building a toll road may be one solution to overcome such problems. This research aims to analyze the impact of toll road development on road network performance and emissions. The case study of the research is Sragen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Matrix estimation by the traffic count method is used to find the origin‒destination (OD) matrix. The gravity model approach is implemented to forecast the future OD, whereas the maximum entropy method is used to calibrate the parameter β in the gravity model. Two scenarios are proposed, i.e., with the toll and without the toll, in 2022, 2025, 2030, and 2035. EMME/4 software was used in the route choice (trip assignment) process with the user equilibrium approach. The results showed that, in the current year (2022), toll road construction in Sragen Regency has not significantly reduced congestion due to the fact that most of the external‒external movement is still using arterial routes (the national highway). However, it is expected to have a significant impact in 2035. Toll roads can reduce emission levels by 20 % to 34,549.44 metric tons per year.