Complement activation and anaphylactoid repsonse to protamine in a child after cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract

A 2 1/2 year old boy had a sudden, sever, and unexpected anaphylactoid reaction after an otherwise uncomplicated repair of a partial atrioventricular septal defect. The reaction, comprising haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema and peripheral circulatory collapse, followed neutralisation of heparin by protamine. Measurements of serum complement (C3 and C4) concentrations suggested that a pronounced consumption of complement occurred during the adverse response.