Review on Epidemiology of Peste Des Petits Ruminantsort

Abstract

Peste des petits ruminants is an acute, contagious, and highly fatal viral disease that affects different animal species which is caused by Morbillivirus in the family Para-myxoviridae. The genome contains six transcription units encoding in sequential order, the Nucleocapsid (N) protein, the Phospho (P) protein, the Matrix (M) protein, the Fusion (F) protein, the Hemagglutinin (H) protein and the Large (L) protein. The virus exists as a single serotype but the genetic level is divided into four distinct lineages (I-IV) based on the Fusion (F) protein gene sequence. The disease occursin Af-rica, in most of the Middle East, Arabian Peninsula, Europe and in parts of Asia including much of the Indian subconti-nent. The disease is transmitted by the aerosol route during close contact between animals. The disease is characterized by high fever, ocular and nasal discharge, pneumonia and necrosis. Diagnosis can be madebased on case history, geographical distribution, clinical signs, post-mortem lesions and laboratory confirmation by using various serological and molecular techniques. It has a significant economic impact on food security and livelihoods. There is no specific treatment for the disease. Control and prevention can be done throughquarantine, movement control, cleaning and disinfection of infected premises and vaccination.