Efficiency of the breeding use of the genus Prunus L. biodiversity

Abstract

Preservation and search of the source material of the Prunus L. gene pool for breeding, especially in contrasting weather conditions, it becomes particularly relevant. Breeding collection of representatives of the genus Prunus L. NCFSCHVW: sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), common cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.), has more than 500 samples and is the basis for improving the genotypes of stone fruit plants. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the breeding potential of stone crops and to identify unique variety forms for new varieties creation. The paper presents donors and sources of important traits: early fruitfulness, winter hardiness, drought resistance, resistance to Coccomyces hiemalis Higg., Monilia cinerea, large fruitfulness and productivity, and substantiates their importance in ensuring the further breeding process and updating the gene pool of stone crops. The best varieties, primarily of domestic breeding, with specific characteristics for integration into new breeding programs are selected: sweet cherry - Madonna, Kavkazskaya Uluchshennaya, Volshebnitsa, Cherniye Glaza, Alaya and Mak; cherry - Krasnodarskaya Sladkaya, Kazachka, Kirina Kubanochka, Alexa; plum - Prikubanskaya, Krasnodarskaya, Milena, Podruga, Charodeyka, Krasotka, Gertsog.