Machine Learning Analysis on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell—Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid System

Abstract

In cases where a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is exposed to light, thermal energy accumulates inside the device, reducing the maximum power output. Utilizing this energy via the Seebeck effect can convert thermal energy into electrical current. Similar systems have been designed and built by other researchers, but associated tests were undertaken in laboratory environments using simulated sunlight and not outdoor conditions with methods that belong to conventional data analysis and simulation methods. In this study four machine learning techniques were analyzed: decision tree regression (DTR), random forest regression (RFR), K-nearest neighbors regression (K-NNR), and artificial neural network (ANN). DTR algorithm has the least errors and the most R2, indicating it as the most accurate method. The DSSC-TEG hybrid system was extrapolated based on the results of the DTR and taking the worst-case scenario (node-6). The main question is how many thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are needed for an inverter to operate a hydraulic pump to circulate water, and how much area is required for that number of TEGs. Considering the average value of the electric voltage of the TEG belonging to node-6, 60,741 pieces of TEGs would be needed, which means about 98 m2 to circulate water.