Acute toxic effects on hematological and histological features in adult frogs, Rana tigrina exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin pesticide

Abstract

The unwise use of pesticides has placed the amphibians at high risk in agricultural landscapes. Adverse effects of insecticides on the aquatic life of amphibians such as fecundity rate, complete blood count (CBC), and liver function test (LFT) need to address conspicuously. The current investigation reports the effects of Lambda-Cyhalothrin (LCT), a widely used pyrethroids type-II, on histological and hematological features of frogs (Rana tigrina), collected from a paddy field, in agricultural overspray setting. The results showed that high degeneration in frog's gonads and extensive deviation in CBC, LFT, and reproductive hormones values, suggested the prescribed dosage of currently registered products. The effects of LCT on frogs were effectively performed by microtomy on gonads and statistical analysis on blood profile. The statistical analysis results in the average response (P-value > 0.05) of all applied doses (8 ppb, 10 ppb, and 12 ppb), alarm the toxic nature of LCT for amphibians and their decline, demands more attention in preservation efforts.