Políticas indigenistas na Argentina: Entre a hegemonia neoliberal dos anos 1990 e a “nacional e popular” da última década

Abstract

A review of indigenist policies that is limited to detailing existing legal frameworks, describing the measures adopted, or specifying what has not been done or what needs to be done, says little of other parameters that are equally important for evaluating such policies as processes of construction of cultural hegemony, the effects of which must be weighted by other factors, by rede!ning the !elds of political dialogue, resignifying the ideas and practices of citizenship and their effects on subjectivities. Based on the Argentine experience, this article discusses the idea of sedimentation of neoliberal measures in a context of hegemonic reappropriation of a perspective of “national and popular” sovereignty over territories and resources. This analysis of the effects of the indigenist policies of the past decade upon the indigenous movement therefore focuses on examining the development model that has been adopted and transformations in the ways of characterizing the plebs (the !eld of the popular or the least privileged) as either a tangential or an essential part of the populus or the people of the nation and, therefore, of the demos, the space of those who can “legitimately” give form and content to the populus and put their world into words.